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New insights into efficient water splitting

Matter and energy from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:23am
A new study has revealed key factors limiting the efficiency of photoelectrochemical water splitting using a titanium dioxide photoanode for clean hydrogen production. Researchers combined intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy with the distribution of relaxation times analysis to analyze charge carrier dynamics. They identified distinct behaviors related to light intensity and recombination at different applied potentials and discovered a previously unreported 'satellite peak,' offering new insights for improving material design and hydrogen production efficiency.
Categories: Science

Zero-shot classification of art with large language models

Computers and Math from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:23am
Traditional machine learning models for automatic information classification require retraining data for each task. Researchers have demonstrated that art data can be automatically classified with sufficient accuracy by using a large language model (LLM), without requiring additional training data.
Categories: Science

Rising wages drive innovation in automation technology

Matter and energy from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:21am
Labor market policies shape firms' innovation dynamics. A new study shows for the first time that higher minimum wages for low-skill jobs drive firms to develop automation technologies. Rising wages for high-skill labor, in contrast, can hamper this effect.
Categories: Science

Rising wages drive innovation in automation technology

Computers and Math from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:21am
Labor market policies shape firms' innovation dynamics. A new study shows for the first time that higher minimum wages for low-skill jobs drive firms to develop automation technologies. Rising wages for high-skill labor, in contrast, can hamper this effect.
Categories: Science

Why is Mars red? Scientists may finally have the answer

Space and time from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:20am
A new study shows a water-rich mineral could explain the planet's color -- and hint at its wetter, more habitable past.
Categories: Science

Today's forecast: Partially cloudy skies on an 'ultra-hot Neptune'

Space and time from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:20am
Using the James Webb Space Telescope, astronomers investigate the extreme weather patterns and atmospheric properties of exoplanet LTT 9779 b. New JWST observations with NIRISS reveal a dynamic atmosphere: powerful winds sweep around the planet, shaping mineral clouds as they condense into a bright, white arc on the slightly cooler western side of the dayside. As these clouds move eastward, they evaporate under the intense heat, leaving the eastern dayside with clear skies.
Categories: Science

The galactic journey of our solar system

Space and time from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:20am
Astronomers have discovered that the Solar System traversed the Orion star-forming complex, a component of the Radcliffe Wave galactic structure, approximately 14 million years ago. This journey through a dense region of space could have compressed the heliosphere, the protective bubble surrounding our solar system, and increased the influx of interstellar dust, potentially influencing Earth's climate and leaving traces in geological records.
Categories: Science

Mesoporous silicon: Semiconductor with new talents

Matter and energy from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:20am
Silicon is the best-known semiconductor material. However, controlled nanostructuring drastically alters the material's properties. Using a specially developed etching apparatus, a team has now produced mesoporous silicon layers with countless tiny pores and investigated their electrical and thermal conductivity. For the first time, the researchers elucidated the electronic transport mechanism in this mesoporous silicon. The material has great potential for applications and could also be used to thermally insulate qubits for quantum computers.
Categories: Science

Mesoporous silicon: Semiconductor with new talents

Computers and Math from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:20am
Silicon is the best-known semiconductor material. However, controlled nanostructuring drastically alters the material's properties. Using a specially developed etching apparatus, a team has now produced mesoporous silicon layers with countless tiny pores and investigated their electrical and thermal conductivity. For the first time, the researchers elucidated the electronic transport mechanism in this mesoporous silicon. The material has great potential for applications and could also be used to thermally insulate qubits for quantum computers.
Categories: Science

From defect to high-tech material

Matter and energy from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:20am
Cadmium selenide nanoplatelets provide a promising foundation for the development of innovative electronic materials. Since the turn of the millennium, researchers around the world have taken a particular interest in these tiny platelets, which are only a few atoms thick, as they offer extraordinary optical and other properties. A team has now taken an important step towards the systematic production of such nanoplatelets.
Categories: Science

A completely new type of microscopy based on quantum sensors

Matter and energy from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:20am
Researchers have invented an entirely new field of microscopy -- nuclear spin microscopy. The team can visualize magnetic signals of nuclear magnetic resonance with a microscope. Quantum sensors convert the signals into light, enabling extremely high-resolution optical imaging.
Categories: Science

A completely new type of microscopy based on quantum sensors

Computers and Math from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:20am
Researchers have invented an entirely new field of microscopy -- nuclear spin microscopy. The team can visualize magnetic signals of nuclear magnetic resonance with a microscope. Quantum sensors convert the signals into light, enabling extremely high-resolution optical imaging.
Categories: Science

Longest-runout undersea sediment flows analyzed in unprecedented detail

Matter and energy from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:18am
An international team of researchers has successfully captured the internal structure of the longest-runout sediment flow ever recorded on Earth. Using seismic measurements, the researchers have for the first time been able to analyze in detail the internal structure of these tens to hundreds of kilometers long turbidity currents -- an oceanographic phenomenon that has been studied for almost a century, but never directly observed. The new insights into the dynamics of these powerful currents will help improve risk assessments for underwater infrastructure, such as submarine cables, and refine models of sediment and carbon transport in the ocean.
Categories: Science

A new model accurately predicts the movement of elite athletes to catch the ball in parabolic flight

Matter and energy from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:18am
How does a tennis player like Carlos Alcaraz decide where to run to return Novak Djokovic's ball by just looking at the ball's initial position? These behaviours, so common in elite athletes, are difficult to explain with current computational models, which assume that the players must continuously follow the ball with their eyes. Now, researchers have developed a model that, by combining optical variables with environmental factors such as gravity, accurately predicts how a person will move to catch a moving object just from an initial glance. These results could have potential applications in fields such as robotics, sports training or even space exploration.
Categories: Science

A new model accurately predicts the movement of elite athletes to catch the ball in parabolic flight

Computers and Math from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:18am
How does a tennis player like Carlos Alcaraz decide where to run to return Novak Djokovic's ball by just looking at the ball's initial position? These behaviours, so common in elite athletes, are difficult to explain with current computational models, which assume that the players must continuously follow the ball with their eyes. Now, researchers have developed a model that, by combining optical variables with environmental factors such as gravity, accurately predicts how a person will move to catch a moving object just from an initial glance. These results could have potential applications in fields such as robotics, sports training or even space exploration.
Categories: Science

Research reveals potential alternatives to 'forever chemicals'

Matter and energy from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:18am
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are known as forever chemicals because of their extreme persistence. These compounds have useful properties including durability and waterproofing, so they're commonly used in consumer products like food packaging and cosmetics, as well as industrial processes. But PFAS' potential negative impacts on human health are driving the search for potentially safer substitutes. Now, researchers propose alternatives for many applications.
Categories: Science

Breakthrough in high-sensitivity quantum sensors with diamond heteroepitaxy

Computers and Math from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:18am
Heteroepitaxial growth technology has made it possible to create larger diamond substrates, opening new opportunities for industrial-scale production of diamond quantum sensors. A research team has successfully fabricated large-area (111)-orientated diamond crystal substrates on heterogeneous (non-diamond) substrates, demonstrating the potential for industrialization of precise, noise-resistant current measurements for electric vehicle battery monitoring.
Categories: Science

From waste to wonder: Revolutionary green grout for sustainable construction practices

Matter and energy from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:16am
Grouting is a widely used construction technique that involves injecting stabilizing materials into soil to ensure structural stability, which is especially beneficial in earthquake-prone regions. Now, scientists have developed an innovative, carbon-neutral grout made from waste fluids of geothermal energy harvesting systems. Their new material shows a 50% increase in liquefaction resistance compared to conventional grouts, while also addressing environmental concerns associated with the construction industry.
Categories: Science

Materials incorporated into quantum qubit platform

Matter and energy from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:16am
Researchers detail advances in the measurement of quantum devices that will be needed to realize a topological quantum computer. In an announcement, the team describes the operation of a device that is a necessary building block for a topological quantum computer. The published results are an important milestone along the path to construction of quantum computers that are potentially more robust and powerful than existing technologies.
Categories: Science

Materials incorporated into quantum qubit platform

Computers and Math from Science Daily Feed - Tue, 02/25/2025 - 9:16am
Researchers detail advances in the measurement of quantum devices that will be needed to realize a topological quantum computer. In an announcement, the team describes the operation of a device that is a necessary building block for a topological quantum computer. The published results are an important milestone along the path to construction of quantum computers that are potentially more robust and powerful than existing technologies.
Categories: Science

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